How does urbanization impact geographical landscapes globally?.

Urbanization affects geographical landscapes in multiple ways. It leads to the transformation of natural land into urban areas, impacting ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate. As cities expand, they often encroach on forests, wetlands, and agricultural land, altering local hydrology and increasing surface runoff.

Key Facts

• As of 2023, 56.2% of the world's population lives in urban areas.
• Urban areas occupy only about 3% of Earth's land but account for over 70% of CO2 emissions.
• Urban heat islands can increase local temperatures by up to 5°C compared to rural areas.
• Rapid urbanization can lead to loss of biodiversity, with an estimated 50% of species threatened by urban expansion.

Examples or Use Cases

• Tokyo, Japan: The city has expanded significantly, leading to decreased green spaces and increased flooding risk.
• São Paulo, Brazil: Urban sprawl has led to severe water scarcity and pollution.

FAQs

• What is the main cause of urbanization? Economic opportunities and migration are primary drivers of urbanization.
• How does urbanization affect climate change? It contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions and altered land surfaces, exacerbating climate impacts.